Many lucrative industries, such as technology and finance, have a high demand for managers and executives who understand how new products and services are developed and implemented. Innovation programs often cover topics relevant to this, such as research methodology and market strategy.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.

Online or distance learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. With online learning, one can access education at any time and from any location with an available internet connection.